JPA Daily Buzz - Edisi 32 2026

page 2 At its heart, the phrase is deeply connected to the Malay philosophy of budi , the values that guide how people treat one another with kindness, humility and understanding. In Malay culture, relationships are built not only through words, but through gestures of sincerity and respect. Asking for forgiveness during Hari Raya therefore becomes more than just a custom but also a reflection of the values that shape the community. Literally, the phrase carries a profound meaning. Maaf means forgiveness or pardon. Zahir refers to outward actions, words spoken or behaviour that may have unintentionally hurt others. Batin , on the other hand, refers to the inner dimension of a person, intentions, feelings or thoughts that may not be visible but could still affect relationships. When someone says “ saya memohon maaf zahir dan batin ,” they are asking forgiveness not only for visible mistakes, but also for any unintended hurt that may exist within the unseen realm of thoughts or feelings. In essence, it is a complete apology , acknowledging that human relationships are complex and that mistakes may occur knowingly or unknowingly. This tradition of seeking forgiveness reflects a broader cultural value within Malay society: the importance of maintaining harmony in relationships . Concepts such as budi bahasa , menjaga hati and rendah diri emphasise sensitivity towards others and the willingness to place relationships above pride. In traditional communities, preserving good relationships with family, neighbours and the wider society was considered a shared responsibility. Hari Raya therefore became an important occasion not only to celebrate the end of Ramadan, but also to mend relationships, renew goodwill and strengthen bonds . While the concept of forgiveness is rooted in Islamic teachings, the phrase “ maaf zahir dan batin ” itself is widely recognised as a cultural expression that developed within the Malay Muslim world, particularly in Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei. In many other Muslim societies, Eid greetings are commonly expressed with phrases such as “ Eid Mubarak ” or “ Taqabbalallahu minna wa minkum ,” which means “May Allah accept our deeds and yours.” In the Malay Archipelago, however, Hari Raya celebrations gradually incorporated local customs and traditions. Over time, openly asking forgiveness became a distinctive part of the celebration, reflecting a unique blend of Islamic values and Malay cultural heritage . Hari Raya Aidilfitri itself marks the end of the fasting month of Ramadan, a time dedicated not only to abstaining from food and drink, but also to self- reflection, repentance and spiritual purification. Throughout Ramadan, Muslims are encouraged to strengthen their character, practise patience and improve their relationships with others. In this sense, Hari Raya symbolises a return to a renewed and purified state. Within Malay culture, this spiritual idea is expressed through meaningful social practices. Younger family members traditionally greet elders with a respectful salam, sometimes kissing the hand and touching it to the forehead as a sign of respect. In that quiet moment of humility, the words “saya memohon maaf zahir dan batin” are spoken sincerely. It is a gesture that reflects love, respect and reconciliation. Over time, the ways in which people convey this message have evolved. In the past, Hari Raya wishes were often shared through printed greeting cards sent by post. These cards were decorated with traditional motifs such as ketupat, pelita and kampung scenes , capturing the warmth and nostalgia of the festive season. Receiving a Raya card in the mailbox was once a special moment, a sign that someone remembered you and valued the relationship. Today, technology has changed how we communicate. Many people now send their wishes through WhatsApp messages, digital greeting cards, social media posts or short videos . Yet despite these changes, the meaning behind the words remains unchanged. The intention is still the same, to reconnect, to seek forgiveness, and to strengthen relationships .