Kesejahteraan Sosial

6 KOMPENDIUM REKOMENDASI POLISI KESEJAHTERAAN PSIKOLOGI PERKHIDMATAN AWAM KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL = -0.13), WFC strain ( β = -0.15) and WFE ( β = 0.22) were significantly related to job satisfaction. WFC behaviour ( β = -0.16), FWC strain ( β = -0.15), FWC behaviour ( β = 0.12), support seeking ( β = 0.08), and WFE ( β = 0.24) were significantly related to family satisfaction. Finally, FWC strain ( β = -0.13), support-seeking ( β = 0.11) and WFE ( β = 0.18) were significantly associated with life satisfaction. Regarding moderating effects, as expected, individuals high in escape avoidance reported lower social dysfunction even when FWC time was high, t(738) = -2.67, p<0.001. In addition, as hypothesised, individuals high in WFE reported lower social dysfunction even when WFC time was high, t(738) = -6.23, p<0.001. While for mediating effects, WFE and FWE were found to mediate the relationships between FWC time and social dysfunction, intention to leave, intention to stay, job satisfaction, family satisfaction, and life satisfaction. The results suggest that both moderating variables (escape avoidance and WFE) and mediating variables (WFE and FWE) significantly influence the relationship between time-based WFC and FWC on several outcome variables. These outcome variables include social dysfunction, intention to leave, intention to stay, job satisfaction, family satisfaction, and life satisfaction. Consequently, the following policy recommendations focus on addressing these variables to better support work-family enrichment and increase employee well-being. 4.2 Analysing Research Findings Using Strategic Management Tools Malaysia has made remarkable progress in increasing female labour force participation, which has risen from 30.8% in 1957 to 55.3% in 2020. This progress has been driven by national initiatives such as the New Economic Policy (NEP) and broader socio-economic changes that have opened up new educational and employment opportunities for women across the country. Despite this progress, many women continue to struggle with the daily challenge of balancing work and family responsibilities, a burden that often remains invisible in policy discourse. These ongoing struggles reflect critical flaws in current work- family policies. These include restrictive maternity and paternity leave provisions, limited availability of flexible work arrangements, and a lack of accessible, affordable childcare facilities in communities. In the