Varia Ranah - Sorotan Ilmiah Perkhidmatan Awam

10 Varia Ranah: Sorotan Ilmiah Perkhidmatan Awam 2. Francais – Diterangkan di bawah Seksyen 4, Akta Francais 1998 (pindaan 2012) yang secara terperinci 4 kriteria utama francais di Malaysia. 3. Francaisor –Diterangkan di bawah Seksyen 6, Akta Francais 2012 (pindaan 2012), francaisor adalah pihak yang menawarkan francais kepada pihak lain di Malaysia. Ini adalah termasuk francaisi induk yang dibenarkan sub-francais kepada pihak lain dan juga francaisor asing yang melantik setiap francaisi mereka sendiri. 4. Francaisi – Diterangkan di bawah Seksyen 6A (francais jenama asing) dan Seksyen 6B (francais jenama tempatan), Akta Francais 1998 (pindaan 2012). Secara asasnya francaisi adalah pihak yang menerima hak dalam menjalankan perniagaan francais setelah mendapat kebenaran atau persetujuan daripada pemberi francais iaitu francaisor. Rujukan Literasi Author/Year Construct Method Finding Maria Minniti, 2006 How does positive employment rate and increase in GDP reflect back to Government Policy Broad Spectrum Approach Government yet to play crucial role by implementing market openness and legal transparency. Newman M.K Lam, 2016 Government involvement in the economy enhances and strains government- business relationships, building cooperation and creating conflicts at the same time. Therotical Perspective Government interventions lead inevitably to both cooperation and conflict with the private sector. Brenda Sternquist, Byoungho Jin, 1998 Government plays an important role in the business activities of many countries. The state becomes a strategist when it manipulates the commercial environment to achieve objectives. Lenway and Murtha (1994) present four dimensions of state organizational attributes The government has used various types of intervention including general, sector specific, industry-specific and firm- specific assistance.