Varia Ranah - Sorotan Ilmiah Perkhidmatan Awam

458 Varia Ranah: Sorotan Ilmiah Perkhidmatan Awam success in everything from raising sales and market shares in every global market, not to mention a clear lead in hybrid technology, stands as the strongest proof of the power of lean enterprise. This continued success over the past two decades created an enormous demand for greater knowledge about lean thinking. There are literally hundreds of books and papers, not to mention thousands of media articles exploring the subject, and numerous other resources available. As lean thinking continues to spread to every country in the world, leaders are also adapting the tools and principles beyond manufacturing, to logistics and distribution, services, retail, healthcare, construction, maintenance, and even government. Indeed, lean consciousness and methods are only beginning to take root among senior managers and leaders in all sectors today. THE OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC SECTOR Before we delve further to the discussion on lean concept in public sector, it is also important for us to understand the public sector. The public sector consists of ministries, departments or agencies that provide society with social or basic services. Even the definition of public sector differs between countries, but segments such as healthcare, education, social welfare, and the police are commonly included. Traditionally, three dimensions are regarded as important when differentiating the public sector from the private sector (Boyne, 2002). First, public-sector agencies are typically collectively owned by members of a society rather than by shareholders. Second, the operational and development budget of public-sector organisations are mainly provided through yearly budget by the Government rather than from customer fees or business activities. Third, public-sector organisations are controlled by political forces rather than market forces. Recently, there has been a strong focus on improving the public sector, in terms of customer focus, quality, and process As lean thinking continues to spread to every country in the world, leaders are also adapting the tools and principles Indeed, lean consciousness and methods are only beginning to take root among senior managers and leaders in all sectors today