Varia Ranah - Sorotan Ilmiah Perkhidmatan Awam

455 Varia Ranah: Sorotan Ilmiah Perkhidmatan Awam Rouge plant of Ford in 1950. The plant situated in Dearborn, Michigan. During that time, Dearborn facility was the largest manufacturing facility that produced almost 8,000 cars per day as compared to Toyota that could only manufacture 2,500 cars each year. Being in the Ford largest facility in 3 months’ time has given Eiji Toyoda an opportunity to study the Ford’s production system. Eiji Toyoda concluded that the mass production system adopted by Ford is not suitable for Toyota Company. He is of the opinion that the mass production does not suit Japanese market, which was too small and diverse. The Japanese customers’ wants distinct types of cars ranged from compact cars to the most luxurious vehicles. Eiji Toyoda learned that the Ford’s mass production system only focuses on the quantity produced instead of customer’s needs. As a result, with the help of Taiichi Ohno; a Japanese industrial engineer and businessperson, Toyota developed a new means of production. They believe that right-sizing machines and self-monitoring machines would help them in realising their manufacturing plan. They passionately believe that these two machines will help them to produce actual required volume that are lower in cost, and higher in quality and variety at fast manner. At first, Ohno encountered the challenge of dealing with issues of productivity and quality. Towards the end, Ohno’s experiments resulted to several unique ideas which known as the Toyota Production System (TPS). The Principles of Lean Lean production was originally derived from the concept of Toyota Production System (TPS), made in the International Motor Vehicle Program at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and was popularised by The Machine that Changed the World (Womack et al., 1990). Earlier on, research about TPS consisted of descriptions on specific tools and techniques, such as Just-in-Time (JIT) and Kanban (Monden, 1983; Schonberger, 1982; Schroer et al., 1985; Sugimori et al., 1977), Jidoka (Monden, 1983; Ohno, 1988; Pegels,