78 Penerapan Konsep MADANI dalam Perkhidmatan Awam B. Types of Civic Engagement Civic Engagement is when the public, either individual or a group of people, take action on public concerns or issues. The act could be taken with a cooperation from government or either minimal or no intervention from the government at all. There are many types of civic engagement as below: i) Political Involvement/ Engagement This is when community members express need or interest through vote, campaign or direct communication to their representative. ii) Social Responsibilities Community members or local community leaders, when approach to make decision, will gather feedback and consider the social welfare of their community and environment. iii) Community-engaged Research / internship Community members explore how their community impacted by current issues and decision taken on them. iv) Association Involvement Community members participate in organization that focus on community improvement. v) Advocacy/ Education / Civic / Service Learning Community members use own voice to persuade decision makers to make choices that benefit the community. They could also elect a reliable person or group to advocate, educate or advise them in making decision for the betterment of the society. vi) Philanthropic giving / Fund raising Community members donate fund or organize fundraising efforts such as crowd funding to assist fund related shortcoming issues. vii) Direct Community Service / Volunteerism Community members give personal time, energy and resource to address their community need such as organizing local gotong-royong to ensure cleanliness of their local area. viii) Social Innovation / Entrepreneurship Community members encourage, participate and organize efforts to increase innovation and entrepreneurship, based on local resources to improve livelihood of the people. C. Challenges to Upraise Civic Engagement Civic engagement is an action to nurture interpersonal engagement and trust such as bridging and increase the interaction and trust, not only between the public and the government but also between and among the community/people. Building civic engagement among the community also face a great challenge with the present individualism culture and disintegration of communal life. To have an effective civic engagement, people need to be equipped with knowledge before civic minded can be nurtured. Un-informed society due to un-accessible and lack of information as well as flood of false information make a great obstacle to build civic minded. Some society segments or local community areas also lack leader to advocate, advice and bridging the people with government.
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