24 Penerapan Konsep MADANI dalam Perkhidmatan Awam politically neutral, efficient, and trustworthy public service that operated in concert. Nevertheless, the New Zealand government acknowledges that the perceived quality of public services is deteriorating in some instances, necessitating complementary actions to improve satisfaction and preserve and strengthen public trust. Thus, enacted The Public Service Act in 2020. The purpose of the act reflects "a spirit of service to the community" as the defining trait of the public sector, which must be fostered across all organisations. In accordance with the provisions of the act, the New Zealand Public Service Commission issued its first status report on the public service in December 2022. The briefing describes the public sector's vision and the steps taken to promote stewardship and transform the public sector. ii) Norway (OECD, 2022) Norway's levels of public trust are among the highest in the OECD. Several factors account for Norway's high level of institutional trust. First, a robust welfare system contributes to low levels of inequality by providing high-quality services. The fiscal space is relatively large as a result of high taxation levels and a natural endowment of hydrocarbon reserves, which permits relatively high levels of public investment. The public governance culture is rooted in a long history of collaboration and social dialogue between government, business, and unions, as well as in high levels of public sector integrity and accountability. In addition, Norway has a strong sense of community, high rates of political participation, low polarisation, and high levels of democracy satisfaction. When confronted with the COVID-19 pandemic, the Norwegian government was able to react swiftly and on a large scale to ensure service provision and implement exceptional support measures, while remaining transparent and communicating with the public effectively. In Norway, trust in the national government is most strongly influenced by the readiness of public institutions and the dependability of policies to meet future challenges. Simultaneously, there is room for improvement in policy making mechanisms to enhance preparedness and coordination mechanisms to deal with complexity and uncertainty. Improving the responsiveness of services through increased digitization, enhancing the capabilities and skills of public servants, and expanding opportunities for citizens to interact with the public administration will also be crucial for preserving public confidence. iii) Portugal (OECD, 2023b) The Portuguese are reasonably confident that they can rely on their government to provide public services such as education and health, as well as to address significant intergenerational challenges such as climate change and future epidemics — all of which are significant determinants of trust in the national government. In terms of participation, representation, and responsiveness, Portuguese institutions appear to fall short of public expectations. Less than one-third of Portuguese respondents are confident that their opinions expressed in a public consultation will be incorporated into government policy, and even fewer believe they have a say in what the government does. This lack of voice coincides with perceptions of injustice: fifty percent of Portuguese respondents believe that civil servants would not treat wealthy and impoverished individuals equally. Widespread perceptions of institutions' lack of integrity round out the difficulties of governance.
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