Penerapan Konsep MADANI dalam Perkhidmatan Awam Table 5: Regional Performance 2022, by sub-indexes Source: Global Gender Gap Index 2022 The Global Gender Gap Index 2022 also reported that, at the sub-index level, Malaysia improved its gender parity scores on the Economic Participation and Opportunity by +1.80 percentage points (88th rank; score 0.656). Malaysia is reported as being among ten out of nineteen countries in the region that improved their gender parity score, particularly on the Economic Participation and Opportunity. However, Malaysia is still far behind its neighbouring countries, namely Thailand (15th rank; score 0.795), Singapore (28th rank; score 0.765), Brunei Darussalam (49th rank; score 0.726), and Indonesia (81st rank; score 0.674). Meanwhile, Malaysia ranked 123rd (score 0.102) slightly above Thailand (130th rank; score 0.084) on the Political Empowerment scale, followed by Singapore (66th; score 0.217), Indonesia (90th rank; score 0.169), and Brunei Darussalam (144th rank; score 0.031). The report also highlighted that Indonesia has increased by at least one percentage point in the share of women in parliamentary positions in order to measure the improvement in this region. However, the region only achieved 13.30% on this sub-index, which is lower than last year. In other words, the analysis has proven that Malaysia is still ranked low compared to its neighbouring countries, particularly on both sub-indexes: economic participation and opportunity and political empowerment. i) Women’s Involvement in the Public Sector and Political Arena According to the CEDAW Report (2022), women holding decision-making positions in Premier Grade C and above in public agencies rose from 38.20% in 2020 to 38.80% in 2021. To enhance women's representation in public agencies, more women are appointed as local government councillors, while 25.0% of women with disabilities are recruited in public agencies. On the other hand, Malaysia has yet to achieve its aim of having at least 30.0% female representation in the top 100 publicly listed companies by 2025. It remained at 25.80% in 2021. Thus, the female participation rate in decision-making levels in government-linked companies (GLCs), government-linked investment companies (GLICs), and Minister of Finance-incorporated companies is still underrepresented. Therefore, Malaysia continues to monitor its progress through the Malaysia Gender Gap Index in order to increase women’s career advancement opportunities. In the meantime, Malaysia practises parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarchy. The parliamentary democracy system consists of the Senate (the Upper House) and the House of Representatives (the Lower House). Members of the House of Representatives are elected every five years. These include women from marginalised groups that consist of indigenous women, ethnic minorities, and women with disabilities. 118
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